The Importance of Oral Health and Ways to Maintain It
Oral health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being, as defined by the World Health Organisation. It refers to the state of the mouth, teeth, and orofacial structures that allow individuals to perform essential functions such as eating, breathing, and speaking. Beyond physical health, oral health also encompasses psychosocial dimensions, including self-confidence and general well-being. Poor oral hygiene can significantly impact an individual’s ability to socialise, work, and maintain a healthy lifestyle without pain, discomfort, or embarrassment.
The consequences of poor oral hygiene are wide-ranging and include various diseases and conditions such as dental caries, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth loss, oral cancer, oro-dental trauma, noma, and birth defects like cleft lip and palate. According to the WHO, oral diseases are among the most common non-communicable diseases globally, affecting approximately 3.5 billion people. These issues not only cause physical discomfort but can also have long-term effects on an individual's quality of life.
Tooth decay and cavities are among the major effects of poor oral hygiene. They occur due to plaque buildup and bacteria feeding on sugars in the mouth. Similarly, gum diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis, which result from inflammation or infection of the gums, can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Bad breath, or halitosis, is another common issue caused by bacteria, decay, or gum infections, often leading to difficulties in eating and speaking.
Missing or damaged teeth can interfere with chewing and communication, while discoloured or damaged teeth may lead to embarrassment and social withdrawal among both adults and children. In Nigeria, a 2022 study published in the American Journal of Public Health highlighted the country's unmet oral health care needs, noting that the prevalence of untreated dental caries ranges from 23.1% in urban areas to 35.5% in rural areas.
Essential Practices for Maintaining Good Oral Health
Dentists emphasize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene from an early age. Dr. Sanya Olaore, a dentist, explained that once permanent teeth replace primary ones, individuals must take their oral hygiene seriously because these teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Many people only address their oral health when they face problems like tooth infections, but prevention is always better than cure.
Here are several key practices to help maintain optimal oral health:
Brush Twice Daily
Dr. Abidemi Alabi, a dental surgeon, warned that brushing once a day is insufficient. He explained that waiting until the next day to brush again allows food particles to remain in the mouth, feeding bacteria that release acids causing enamel erosion and tooth decay. Consistent brushing helps remove these harmful particles and prevents further damage.
Floss Daily
Alabi highlighted that food particles often get stuck between teeth, and using toothpicks can be counterproductive. Toothpicks may injure gums and create more space for debris to accumulate. Instead, he recommended using dental floss to clean these areas effectively. Dr. Olaore also advised against frequent use of toothpicks, as they can damage gums and even harm teeth and dental work.
Eat Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables, especially those high in fibre like apples and pears, can help keep the mouth clean through the process of chewing. They stimulate saliva production, which has antibacterial properties that protect teeth and gums. Additionally, these foods are rich in nutrients such as calcium, vitamins, and fluoride, which contribute to stronger teeth and healthier oral tissues.
Avoid Excess Processed Sugar
Excessive consumption of processed sugar is closely linked to dental caries and other oral health issues. Dr. Olaore advised avoiding sugary foods and cleaning teeth after consuming them. Alabi added that processed sugar can also lead to periodontal diseases and bad breath. Bacteria feed on sugar, increasing their numbers and causing a range of problems in the mouth.
Visit the Dentist Regularly
Regular dental checkups are essential for maintaining oral health. Alabi urged individuals not to wait until experiencing toothache or swelling before visiting a dentist. He recommended scheduling checkups every six months or at least once a year. These visits allow dentists to identify potential issues early and provide guidance on proper oral hygiene and preventive treatments, ultimately saving time and money in the long run.
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